Xilinx DRM KMS DisplayPort 1.4 TX Subsystem Driver

The purpose of this page is to describe the Linux DRM driver for the Xilinx DisplayPort 1.4 Tx Subsystem Soft IP for the Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC and for Versal.

Note: The content of this page is applicable for the 2022.1 release. A few steps for building the kernel or taking sources from Git might be different for previous releases before 2022.1.

Table of Contents

Introduction

The DisplayPort 1.4 Tx Subsystem implements functionality of a video source as defined by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA)'s DisplayPort standard v1.4 and supports driving resolutions of up to Full Ultra HD (FUHD) at 30 fps. The subsystem is a hierarchical IP that bundles a collection of DP TX-related IP sub-cores and outputs them as a single IP. The subsystem takes incoming video stream and transfers it to an DP stream. The stream is then forwarded to the video PHY layer. Below is the block diagram of the DisplayPort 1.4 Tx Subsystem.


DisplayPort Tx Subsystem Block Diagram

Figure 1. Block diagram of DisplayPort 1.4 Tx Subsystem

DP Tx interface with Video PHY Controller for Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC:


The DP 1.4 Tx Subsystem is a MAC subsystem which works with a Video PHY Controller (PHY) to create a video connectivity system. The DP 1.4 Tx Subsystem is tightly coupled with the Xilinx Video PHY Controller, which itself is independent and offers flexible architecture with multiple-protocol support. Both MAC and PHY are dynamically programmable through the AXI4-Lite interface.

Figure 2. Block diagram of MAC Interface with PHY for MPSoC


DP Tx interface with GT Quad base Controller for Versal:

The DP 1.4 Tx Subsystem is a MAC subsystem which works with a GT Quad Base Controller (PHY) to create a video connectivity system. The DP 1.4 Tx Subsystem is tightly coupled with the Xilinx Video PHY Controller, which itself is independent and offers flexible architecture with multiple-protocol support. Both MAC and PHY are dynamically programmable through the AXI4-Lite interface.

Figure 3. Block diagram of MAC Interface with PHY for Versal

Driver Overview

DP Tx is the last node in the display pipeline. The Linux driver is implemented as a sub-component of the Xilinx DRM KMS bridge driver (bridge driver name : xlnx) and implements the encoder/connector interface. The subsystem includes the video timing generator and Tx sub-core. The driver implements the DRM callbacks to read the display EDID and present it to the framework any time a display is connected. It works in tandem with the DRM bridge driver to validates each mode listed in the EDID and reject unsupported modes.

On a mode change request from the user application, the driver works in conjunction with the DRM framework to validate the requested mode to ensure that the stream can be generated by the Tx core and is supported by the attached display. If the requested mode is supported, the driver will configure the Tx sub-core for the new mode and the internal video timing controller (VTC) to generate the requisite video timing for it. It also configures the PHY layer for the new mode and manages all required interaction between the MAC and PHY layer.

After mode setup is complete, the PHY state machine is reset and put into a wait state awaiting the reference clock for the new mode from an external clock source. The DRM framework requests the registered clock producer to generate the clock for the desired mode. 

Driver Features

IP Feature2021.12021.22022.12022.22023.12023.22024.12024.2
IP Version Supported3.03.03.03.13.13.13.13.1
Supports AXI4-Stream, native video input interfaces.AXI-Stream Video OnlyAXI-Stream Video OnlyAXI-Stream Video OnlyAXI-Stream Video OnlyAXI-Stream Video OnlyAXI-Stream Video OnlyAXI-Stream Video OnlyAXI-Stream Video Only
Support for 2 pixel per sampleYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes

Support color space for RGB, YUV 4:4:4, YUV 4:2:2,Y-only 

YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Audio support for 2 channels with 44/48 KHz sample ratesNoYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
8, 10, 12, and 16-bit Deep-color supportSupports 8 and 10-bit onlySupports 8 and 10-bit onlySupports 8 and 10-bit onlySupports 8 and 10-bit onlySupports 8 and 10-bit onlySupports 8 and 10-bit onlySupports 8 and 10-bit onlySupports 8 and 10-bit only
Support 32 or 16-bit video PHY (GT)
interface
Driver tested with 16-bit video PHYDriver tested with 16-bit video PHYDriver tested with 16-bit video PHYDriver tested with 16-bit video PHYDriver tested with 16-bit video PHYDriver tested with 16-bit video PHYDriver tested with 16-bit video PHYDriver tested with 16-bit video PHY
Support HDCP 1.xNoNoNoNoNoYesYesYes
Support HDCP 2.xNoNoNoNoYesYesYesYes
MST mode NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Supported resolution up to 8k30YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Supported interlaced mode NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
Versal Support NoNoYesYesYesYesYesYes
Supports SDP packet for static HDR modeNoNoNoYesYesYesYesYes

Missing Features / Known Issues / Limitations in Driver

  • This driver does not support the following features. 
    • MST
    • GTYE4

Kernel Configuration Options for Driver

2019.2 and onwards: Supports ONLY the new Xilinx DRM framework driver and PL crtc and can be enabled via the following configurations options: CONFIG_DRM_XLNX and CONFIG_DRM_XLNX_PL_DISP

The above defined options will only enable the new DRM framework.

  • Enable Xilinx DP Tx Subsystem driver
    • 2021.1 and onwards: The DisplayPort Tx driver is built as a part of the kernel, so enable the DisplayPort Tx driver in the kernel configuration. Run the below command from the PetaLinux project and select "Xilinx DRM DisplayPort Subsystem Driver".

      $petalinux-config -c kernel
  • Enable Video PHY controller driver and FMC drivers.
    • 2021.1 and onwards: The Video phy controller driver is built as an out-of-tree kernel module and therefore requires no kernel configuration. However, to enable the driver, the user must include it in the rootfs. The following steps are required to enable the driver.
    • 2021.2 and onwards The FMC driver is built as out-of-tree kernel module and therefore requires no kernel configuration. However to enable the driver, the user must include it in the rootfs. The following steps are required to enable the driver.
    • Make sure the meta-user layer has the recipe-dp included. 
    • Add the recipe to the PetaLinux image. Edit project-spec/meta-user/conf/user-rootfsconfig and add the new recipe at the end

      CONFIG_kernel-module-dp
    • Next include the driver in the rootfs:

      $petalinux-config -c rootfs
    • Select "user-pakages->modules->kernel-module-dp", save and exit.
  • Enable the GT QUAD base driver
    • 2022.1: the video phy driver for Versal systems is built as part of the kernel so enable this driver in the kernel configuration. Run the below command from the PetaLinux project and select "PHY_XILINX_DPGTQUAD".

      $petalinux-config -c kernel
  • Enable Audio drivers
    • 2022.1: The DP Rx driver supports audio and works with the ALSA framework. Run the below command from the PetaLinux project and select "CONFIG_SND_SOC".

      $petalinux-config -c kernel
  • Build the project

    $petalinux-build
    

Device Tree Binding

The dts node should be defined with correct hardware configuration. An example device tree node is documented in

2020.1: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/xlnx,v-dp-tx-ss.txt - Deprecated 

2020.2: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/xlnx,dp-tx.yaml - Deprecated 

2021.1 :Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/xlnx/xlnx,dp-tx.yaml - Deprecated 

2021.2: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/xlnx/xlnx,dp-tx.yaml - Deprecated 

2022.1 : Documentation/devicetree/bindings/media/xilinx/xlnx,v-dprxss.yaml

2023.1 : Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/xlnx/xlnx,dp-tx.yaml

2023.2 : Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/xlnx/xlnx,dp-tx.yaml

2024.1 : Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/xlnx/xlnx,dp-tx.yaml

2024.2: Documentation/devicetree/bindings/display/xlnx/xlnx,dp-tx.yaml

Reference design for Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC

Figure 4. DisplayPort Tx reference design for Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC

Reference design for Versal :

Figure 5. DisplayPort Tx reference design for Versal

Test Procedure

Test procedure for video display:

DP-Tx can be manually configured to generate the required mode. An open source utility such as modetest can be used to configure the display pipeline.

  • DDR ==>FB_Rd (DMA)==>DP _Tx


2020.1 and later: The Sample command to set a mode is shown below:

%> modetest -D amba_pl@0:drm-pl-disp-drv -s <connector_id>[@<crtc_id>]:<mode>[-<vrefresh>][@<format>

Example command:

%> modetest -D amba_pl@0:drm-pl-disp-drv -s 35:1920x1080-60@BG24

The above command will generate a color bar pattern at the requested resolution in DDR, configure the DMA to read the frame from DDR and configure the DP Tx for said resolution. As a final result, the Color Bar at the defined resolution should be visible on screen.

The driver also supports changing output color formats dynamically. Available output color formats supported by DMA engine can be determined using the modetest utility as shown below:

root@xilinx-zcu102-2022_1:/media# modetest -D amba_pl@0:drm-pl-disp-drv
Encoders:
id      crtc    type    possible crtcs  possible clones
34      0       TMDS    0x00000001      0x00000000

Connectors:
id      encoder status          name            size (mm)       modes   encoders
35      0       connected       DP-1            700x390         39      34
  modes:
        name refresh (Hz) hdisp hss hse htot vdisp vss vse vtot)
  7680x4320 29.93 7680 7710 7720 7880 4320 4323 4328 4368 1030240 flags: phsync, nvsync; type: preferred, driver
  7680x4320 24.00 7680 7728 7760 7880 4320 4323 4328 4369 826250 flags: phsync, nvsync; type: preferred, driver
  3840x2160 60.00 3840 3888 3920 4000 2160 2163 2168 2222 533250 flags: phsync, nvsync; type: preferred, driver
  3840x4320 60.00 3840 3888 3920 4040 4320 4323 4333 4368 1058790 flags: phsync, nvsync; type: driver
  3840x4320 48.00 3840 3888 3920 4040 4320 4323 4333 4418 856720 flags: phsync, nvsync; type: driver
  3840x2160 29.98 3840 3888 3920 4000 2160 2163 2168 2191 262750 flags: phsync, nvsync; type: driver
  2560x1440 59.95 2560 2608 2640 2720 1440 1443 1448 1481 241500 flags: phsync, nvsync; type: driver
  1920x1200 59.88 1920 2056 2256 2592 1200 1203 1209 1245 193250 flags: nhsync, pvsync; type: driver
  2048x1080 59.99 2048 2096 2128 2208 1080 1083 1093 1111 147160 flags: phsync, nvsync; type: driver
  2048x1080 23.90 2048 2096 2128 2208 1080 1083 1093 1099 58000 flags: phsync, nvsync; type: driver
  1920x1080 60.00 1920 2008 2052 2200 1080 1084 1089 1125 148500 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  1920x1080 60.00 1920 2008 2052 2200 1080 1084 1089 1125 148500 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1920x1080 59.94 1920 2008 2052 2200 1080 1084 1089 1125 148352 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1920x1080 50.00 1920 2448 2492 2640 1080 1084 1089 1125 148500 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1920x1080 24.00 1920 2558 2602 2750 1080 1084 1089 1125 74250 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1920x1080 23.98 1920 2558 2602 2750 1080 1084 1089 1125 74176 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1600x1200 60.00 1600 1664 1856 2160 1200 1201 1204 1250 162000 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1680x1050 59.95 1680 1784 1960 2240 1050 1053 1059 1089 146250 flags: nhsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1280x1024 75.02 1280 1296 1440 1688 1024 1025 1028 1066 135000 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1280x1024 60.02 1280 1328 1440 1688 1024 1025 1028 1066 108000 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1280x800 59.81 1280 1352 1480 1680 800 803 809 831 83500 flags: nhsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1280x720 60.00 1280 1390 1430 1650 720 725 730 750 74250 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1280x720 59.94 1280 1390 1430 1650 720 725 730 750 74176 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1280x720 50.00 1280 1720 1760 1980 720 725 730 750 74250 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1024x768 75.03 1024 1040 1136 1312 768 769 772 800 78750 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  1024x768 60.00 1024 1048 1184 1344 768 771 777 806 65000 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  800x600 75.00 800 816 896 1056 600 601 604 625 49500 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  800x600 60.32 800 840 968 1056 600 601 605 628 40000 flags: phsync, pvsync; type: driver
  720x576 50.00 720 732 796 864 576 581 586 625 27000 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  720x576 50.00 720 732 796 864 576 581 586 625 27000 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  720x480 60.00 720 736 798 858 480 489 495 525 27027 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  720x480 60.00 720 736 798 858 480 489 495 525 27027 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  720x480 59.94 720 736 798 858 480 489 495 525 27000 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  720x480 59.94 720 736 798 858 480 489 495 525 27000 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  640x480 75.00 640 656 720 840 480 481 484 500 31500 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  640x480 60.00 640 656 752 800 480 490 492 525 25200 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  640x480 59.94 640 656 752 800 480 490 492 525 25175 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  640x480 59.94 640 656 752 800 480 490 492 525 25175 flags: nhsync, nvsync; type: driver
  720x400 70.08 720 738 846 900 400 412 414 449 28320 flags: nhsync, pvsync; type: driver
  props:
        1 EDID:
                flags: immutable blob
                blobs:

                value:
                        00ffffffffffff0010ac47414c353730
                        201b0104b54627783a7645ae5133ba26
                        0d5054a54b008100b300d100a9408180
                        d1c0010101014dd000a0f0703e803020
                        3500ba892100001a000000ff0046464e
                        584d3738373037354c0a000000fc0044
                        454c4c205550333231384b0a000000fd
                        00184b1eb46c010a2020202020200270
                        02031df150101f200514041312110302
                        161507060123091f0783010000a36600
                        a0f0701f8030203500ba892100001a56
                        5e00a0a0a0295030203500ba89210000
                        1a7c3900a080381f4030203a00ba8921
                        00001aa81600a08038134030203a00ba
                        892100001a0000000000000000000000
                        00000000000000000000000000000047
                        701279000012001682100000ff0edf10
                        000000000044454c47414c3537300301
                        5070920184ff1dc7001d800900df102f
                        0002000400c1420184ff1dc7002f801f
                        00df10300002000400a84e0104ff0ec7
                        002f801f00df10610002000900979d01
                        04ff0ec7002f801f00df102f00020009
                        00000000000000000000000000009890
        2 DPMS:
                flags: enum
                enums: On=0 Standby=1 Suspend=2 Off=3
                value: 3
        5 link-status:
                flags: enum
                enums: Good=0 Bad=1
                value: 0
        6 non-desktop:
                flags: immutable range
                values: 0 1
                value: 0
        4 TILE:
                flags: immutable blob
                blobs:

                value:
                        313a313a323a313a303a303a33383430
                        3a3433323000
        21 CRTC_ID:
                flags: object
                value: 0
        36 sync:
                flags: range
                values: 0 1
                value: 0
        37 bpc:
                flags: enum
                enums: 6BPC=6 8BPC=8 10BPC=10 12BPC=12
                value: 8

CRTCs:
id      fb      pos     size
33      0       (0,0)   (0x0)
   nan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 flags: ; type:
  props:
        23 ACTIVE:
                flags: range
                values: 0 1
                value: 0
        24 MODE_ID:
                flags: blob
                blobs:

                value:
        20 OUT_FENCE_PTR:
                flags: range
                values: 0 18446744073709551615
                value: 0
        25 VRR_ENABLED:
                flags: range
                values: 0 1
                value: 0

Planes:
id      crtc    fb      CRTC x,y        x,y     gamma size      possible crtcs
32      0       0       0,0             0,0     0               0x00000001
  formats: XB30 VU24 XV30 YUYV XV20 BG24
  props:
        9 type:
                flags: immutable enum
                enums: Overlay=0 Primary=1 Cursor=2
                value: 1
        18 FB_ID:
                flags: object
                value: 0
        19 IN_FENCE_FD:
                flags: signed range
                values: -1 2147483647
                value: -1
        21 CRTC_ID:
                flags: object
                value: 0
        14 CRTC_X:
                flags: signed range
                values: -2147483648 2147483647
                value: 0
        15 CRTC_Y:
                flags: signed range
                values: -2147483648 2147483647
                value: 0
        16 CRTC_W:
                flags: range
                values: 0 2147483647
                value: 1920
        17 CRTC_H:
                flags: range
                values: 0 2147483647
                value: 1080
        10 SRC_X:
                flags: range
                values: 0 4294967295
                value: 0
        11 SRC_Y:
                flags: range
                values: 0 4294967295
                value: 0
        12 SRC_W:
                flags: range
                values: 0 4294967295
                value: 125829120
        13 SRC_H:
                flags: range
                values: 0 4294967295
                value: 70778880

Frame buffers:
id      size    pitch

root@xilinx-zcu102-2022_1:/media#

Refer to the Line "formats" that indicates the FrameBuffer DMA IP configuration supports XB30 VU24 XV30 YUYV XV20 BG24 GREY Y10 color formats. This setting is configured by the DMA driver device tree node property xlnx,vid-formats 

Test procedure for Audio:

The audio has been tested with ALSA utils.

Playback (DP Tx):  Playing audio data from a file.

aplay -D hw:0,0 -fS24_LE -r 48000 -c 2 -t raw <output filename.raw> 

Device enumeration:

aplay --device="hw:0,0" --dump-hw-params

Debug Capability

The DP Linux driver implements the capability to tap IP status at pre-defined points in the control flow. User can enable the debug taps by uncommenting the pre-processor directive (#define DEBUG) to monitor the progress within the driver. All debug prints are sent to serial console and can be viewed in kernel dmesg buffer

Boards Supported

The Driver has been tested on following boards

  • ZCU102 Rev 1.0
  • VCK190

Change Log

  • 2024.2

    • No Changes.

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